Systematic review study on application of Ion Imprinted Polymer (IIP) in heavy metals detection

Worldwide industrialisation and agriculture activities have led to a serious problem of environmental pollution due the discharge toxic contaminants in watercourse surroundings. When disposed concentrations beyond maximum limit, heavy metals can be source contamination environment. To monitor level contamination, electrochemical sensors utilised for qualitative quantitative measures. They are known highly selective, less time consuming lightweight. The portability allows measurement carried out onsite ensure requirements monitored. On other hand, ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) developed mimic characteristics specific analyte detection overcome limitations natural biorecognition elements such as protein, enzyme antibodies. Due growing interest IIP application detection, comprehensive review on topic covering recent works, challenges gaps this area is required. In mapping study, data from selected studies were extracted, organised, categorised by implementing systematic process. From 340 studies, total 51 included after two-step screening phase, obtained extracted mapped under four classification schemes. One research question two sub-questions addressed with all studies. derived main surface modifications working electrode their applications. identified several recommendations further development related detection.